配器课——木管组【聪明老师资料】

一、乐器列表

乐器	单数	复数	缩写
长笛	Flauto	Flauti	Fl.
短笛	Flauto piccolo		Fl.picc.
中音长笛	Flato contralto		Fl.Alto
双簧管	Oboe	Oboi	Ob.
英国管	Corno Inglese		C.ingl.
单簧管	Clarinetto	Clarinetti	Cl.
小单簧管	Clarinetto piccolo		Cl.picc.
低音单簧管	Clarinetto Basso		Cl.b.
大管	Fagotto	Fagotti	Fag.
低音大管	Contra Fagotto		C.Fag.

二、音域音区

 

（以上乐器名称为英文）

三、乐器介绍

请参考相关乐器法书籍，以下为英文简介。

The Flute is a woodwind instrument. Most flutes are made of metal, usually silver; modern flutes are only occasionally made of wood. The flute is used in orchestras, wind bands, and jazz bands to give a bright, silvery sound. It is played by blowing across the blowhole. Apart from the piccolo, the flute is the only instrument in the orchestra that is played in this way.

 

The Piccolo is the smallest member of the orchestral flute family; it is half the length of the regular flute and plays an octave higher. The tube is conical, made out of metal or wood, and has the keywork mechanism as the flute. The piccolo’s bright sound sings out in the orchestra, adding color and vitality to the music.

 

The Oboe is the smallest of the orchestral, double reed instruments. Its expressive sound is often used to play sad or emotional melodies. However, it is a difficult instrument to play. Because air is forced at htgh pressure into the tiny reed, stale air can gather in the lungs, making you feel faint if the air is not expelled quickly.

 

THE ENGLISH HORN, or cor anglais is a large oboe with a distinctive, bulging bell. This odd-shaped bellgives the instrument a rich, warm sound that is well suited to long, slow melodies. It has the same keyworks sa the oboe but plays notes of a lower pitch. The low notes of the English horn are often featured in solo orchestral passages.

 

THE CLARINET is one of the most versatile of all modern instruments. It has a very wide range of notes, and you can hear its pure, clear sound in orchestras, militaru bands, and jazz groups. This is the standard orchestral clarinet – though other sizes of clarinet are also used in the orchestra.

 

THE BASS CLARINET is one of the largest members of the orchestral clarinet family. However, it is not the biggest – the rare contrabass clarinet is even bigger. The bass clarinet palys notes one octave lower than the standard orchestral clarinet. It has a breathy, almost hollow tone – popular with jazz saxophone players who often use it as a second instrument.

 

THE BASSOON is a large woodwind instrument, whose rich and mellow sound takes the bass parts in orchestras. The bassoon’s tubular body is divided into four sections, and doubles back on itself to make it more manageable to play. However, playing the bassoon still involves great effort to overcome its considerable weight, and agility to control its awkward keywork system.

THE DOUBLE BASSOON, or contrabassoon, is the largest and deepest orchestral woodwind instrument. Its sound is so low that it can seem rather fuzzy and unclear. However, in the hands of the best musicians, the double bassoon’s organlike tone rings through the orchestra, adding richness and weight to chords.

 

SAXOPHONES are classified as woodwind, rathre than brass instruments because of their reed mouthpieces. Of all the sizes of saxophone, these four are the most commonly played. They all have a conical tube and a metal body.

THE SOPRANO SAXOPHONE is the smallest of the four saxophones in common use. Unlike its bigger relations, it normally has no U-bend in the tube, but is a straight cone. The soprano saxophone plays the top line in the saxophone quartet. However, it is most often used to lead small jazz bands, and often features in jazz-rock fusion groups.

THE ALTO SAXOPHONE is one of the most popular members of the saxophone family, because it is a very versatile and expressive instrument. Its wide range and velvety sound make it a favorite instrument in pop groups, big bands, and sometimes in the orchestra. As a solo instrument, the alto saxophone is particularly successful in jazz.

THE TENOR SAXOPHONE is an orchestral and band instrument invented by Belgian-born Adolphe Sax around 1840. It consists of a single-reed mouthpiece attached to a wide, conical, metal tube – this unique combination places the saxophone in a category of its own. Its powerful, expressive range is exploited by many leading jazz, roch, blues, and pop musicians.

THE BARITONE SAXOPHONE is the largest of the most commonly played saxophones, invented by the Belgian-born Adolphe Sax around 1840. The soound of the baritone saxophone is husky and expressive. Though it has featured in military bands, it is now most often heard in jazz where it plays deep-voiced solos and harmonic accompaniments.

（英文选自《Musical Instruments》）

四、音响范例

以下为上课播放的音响截断，可参考选听。

1.长笛

例05-01：德沃夏克：《第九交响曲—自新世界》  第Ⅰ乐章副部主题

例05-02：德彪西 《牧神午后前奏曲》 主题

例05-03：普罗科菲耶夫《彼得和狼》中小鸟主题

例05-04：拉威尔《波列罗舞曲》长笛片断

例05-05：里姆斯基-科萨可夫《天方夜潭》(四)（总谱P138）

例05-06：布里顿《青少年管弦乐队指南》中长笛主题

2.短笛

例05-07：布里顿《青年乐队指南》赋格主题

 

3.双簧管

例05-08：贝多芬《第三交响曲》双簧管片断

例05-09：贝多芬《第五交响曲》片断

例05-10：贝多芬《第六交响曲》片断

例05-11：里姆斯基-科萨可夫《天方夜潭》（二）片断

例05-12：柴可夫斯基《天鹅湖》序曲主题

例05-13：李焕之《春节序曲》中陕北民歌主题

例05-14：普罗科菲耶夫《彼得和狼》中鸭子主题

 

4.英国管

例05-15 德沃夏克《自新大陆交响曲》（二）主题

例05-16：鲍罗丁《在中亚草原上》

另如：西贝柳斯《图涅拉的天鹅》

罗西尼《威廉—退尔》序曲

伯辽兹 幻想交响曲（三）《在田野》（用Corno  inglece与Oboe的对奏）

 

5.单簧管

例05-17：德彪西《亚麻色头发的少女》

例05-18：德彪西《阿拉伯风》

例05-19：圣-桑《天鹅》

例05-20：英国民歌《绿袖子》

（以上选自单簧管专辑）

另如：柴可夫斯基〈弗兰切斯卡〉中部的主题，雷斯皮基〈罗马的松树〉（三）〈吉阿尼柯洛山的松树〉的主题

6.低音单簧管

《胡桃夫子》组曲中《糖果仙人舞曲》

 

7.大管

例05-21：莫扎特《费加罗的婚礼》

例05-22：柴可夫斯基《第六交响曲》

例05-23：拉威尔《波列罗舞曲》

例05-24：斯特拉文斯基《春之祭》

例05-25：《彼得与狼》爷爷主题

 

8.选听唱片：

RCA  史托兹曼——单簧管的浪漫艺术 1，7，8

VIAI-1022  Julius Baker in Recital  长笛曲 8

Summit  Orchestral Excerpts for Oboe 管弦乐系列-双簧管

Summit  Orchestral Excerpts for Bassoon管弦乐系列-大管

DECCA 448 507-2 德沃夏克《新大陆交响曲》，第二乐章

普罗柯菲耶夫《彼得与狼》

Mozart  Serenade No. 12, Kv 388 In C Minor  I. Allegro

Rossini Semiramide Overture (Flute, Clarinet, Corno, Fagatto)

 

五、木管组多声部配置（略）

乐队编制：	单管编制	双有暗香盈袖管编制	三管编制	四管编制
长笛（Fl.）：	1	2（Fl.II兼Picc.）	3（Fl.III兼Picc.）	3
短笛（Picc.）：				1
双簧管（Ob.）：	1	2（Ob.II兼C.ingl.）	2	3
英国管（C.ingl.）：			1	1
单簧管（Cl.）：	1	2（Cl.II兼Cl.b.）	3（Cl.III兼Cl.b.）	3或2
小单簧管（Cl.picc）：				1
低音单簧管（Cl.b.）：				1
大管（Fag.）：	1	2	2	3
低音大管（C.Fag.）：			1	1

七、移调木管乐器表

中文名称	意文名称	调	使用谱号	发音比记谱		调号数目
				低	高	升记号	降记号
短笛	Picc.	C	高音		纯8度
中音长笛	Fl.contralto	F	高音	纯5度		1
		G	高音	纯4度			1
低音长笛	Fl.basso	C	高音	纯8度
抒情双簧管	Ob.d’amore	A	高音	小3度			3
英国管	C.ingl.	F	高音	纯5度		1
单簧管	Cl.	bB	高音	大2度		2
		A	高音	小3度			3
高音单簧管	Cl.Picc.	D	高音		大2度		2
		bE	高音		小3度	3
低音单簧管	Cl.basso	bB	高音 低音	大9度 大2度		2
		A	高音 低音	小10度 小3度			3
低音大管	C.fag.	C	低音	纯8度